Russia orders Pre-installation of Max Messenger, a State-Backed Rival to WhatsApp

Starting September 1, 2025, Russia will mandate pre-installation of its state-backed messaging app Max on all smartphones and tablets, alongside RuStore and a state TV streaming app. Launched in March, Max has already drawn 18 million users and will integrate with government services, echoing China’s WeChat model. Officials deny surveillance concerns, claiming fewer user permissions than Western rivals, as Moscow accelerates its digital sovereignty push.